GOING TO

FUTURE WITH 'GOING TO'

When we use "going to" in a sentence to refer to the future.

The structure of going to is:

subject

+

be

+

going

+

to-infinitive

NEGATIVE

subject

be

not

going

to

infinitive

INTERROGATIVE

be

subject

going

to

infinitive

?

WH

be

subject

going

to

infinitive

?

Be going to: uses

Be going to is commonly used in informal styles.

Intentions

We use be going to to talk about future plans and intentions. Usually the decision about the future plans has already been made:

She’s going to be a professional dancer when she grows up.

I’m going to look for a new place to live next month.

Predictions

We use be going to to predict something that we think is certain to happen or which we have evidence for now:

It’s going to snow again soon. (The speaker can probably see dark snow clouds.)

    Look out! He’s going to break that glass.

Commands

We use be going to when we give commands or state that something is obligatory:              [parent to a child]

You’re going to pick up all of those toys right now. This room is a mess! 

Spoken English:

We use gonna  instead of going to in informal contexts, especially in speaking and in song lyrics. We write gonna to show how to pronounce it:

Are you gonna try and get stuff sorted as soon as you can then? (Are you going to try and get things organised as soon as you can?)

One day I’m gonna be a star.

Be going to or will?

Will is often used in a similar way to be going to. Will is used when we are talking about something with absolute certainty. Be going to is used when we want to emphasise our decision or the evidence in the present:

[An ‘A’ road is a main road. A ‘B’ road is a smaller road.]

We are now very late so we’re going to take the ‘B’ road. (the speaker refers to the present and emphasises the decision)

I know the ‘B’ road will be quicker at this time of day. (the speaker states a fact)

SOMES EXERCISES 

• https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/future-1-going-to/exercises
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/going_to_future_statements.htm
• https://agendaweb.org/verbs/future-be-going-to-exercises.html

Bibliographical source

• https://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/future/future-be-going-to-i-am-going-to-work
• https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-m_going-to.htm

TO BE- PAST TENSE (WAS/WERE)

To Be - Past Tense

The past tense of To Be in English has two forms: WAS and WERE

Subject	To Be	Examples
I	was	I was tired this morning.
You	were	You were very good.
He	was	He was the best in his class.
She	was	She was late for work.
It	was	It was a sunny day.
We	were	We were at home.
You	were	You were on holiday.
They	were	They were happy with their test results.

To Be - Negative Contractions

The can make negative contractions of the verb To Be in the Past tense by joining the verb (was or were) and n't (e.g. were not = weren't). We don't make a contraction of the subject and the verb (e.g. I was).

I was not tired this morning.	OR	I wasn't tired this morning.
You were not crazy.	OR	You weren't crazy.
He was not married.	OR	He wasn't married.
She was not famous.	OR	She wasn't famous.
It was not hot yesterday.	OR	It wasn't hot yesterday.
We were not invited.	OR	We weren't invited.
You were not at the party.	OR	You weren't at the party.
They were not friends.	OR	They weren't friends.

To Be - Questions

To create questions with To Be, you put the Verb before the Subject.

Affirmative	You	were	happy.
	Subject	Verb
Question	Were	you	happy?
	Verb	Subject

Affirmative	Question
I was late	Was I late?
You were sick.	Were you sick?
He was surprised.	Was he surprised?
She was from Italy.	Was she from Italy?
It was a big house.	Was it a big house?
We were ready.	Were we ready?
You were early.	Were you early?
They were busy.	Were they busy?

Before the verb you can also have a WH- Question word (Why, Who, What, Where etc.)

Were you happy? Yes, I was.

Why were you happy? Because I was promoted at work.

To Be - Short Answers

In spoken English, we usually give short answers in response to questions.

Was he from Japan? - Yes, he was (from Japan). The last part (from Japan) is not necessary. We use shorts answers to avoid repetition, when the meaning is clear.

Question	Short Answers**	Short Answers
Was I late?	Yes, you were.	No, you weren't.
Were you sick?	Yes, I was.	No, I wasn't.
Was he surprised?	Yes, he was.	No, he wasn't.
Was she from Italy?	Yes, she was.	No, she wasn't.
Was it a big house?	Yes, it was.	No, it wasn't.
Were we ready?	Yes, we were.	No, we weren't.
Were you early?	Yes, we were.	No, we weren't.
Were they busy?	Yes, they were.	No, they weren't.

** With To Be, We don't use contractions in affirmative short answers.

SOMES EXERCISES

• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/was_were.htm
• http://www.eflnet.com/grammar/tobepast.php
• http://www.montsemorales.com/gramatica/Pastsimplebeneg.htm
• http://www.eflnet.com/grammar/yesnopast.php

Bibliographical source

http://www.grammar.cl/Past/To_Be.htm

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Verbs (Regular and Irregular)

VERBS

A verb is a word used in sentences that serves to express existence, status, action or passion of the subject. An English verb can be regular or irregular. Regular verbs form their past and past participle forms by adding –ed.

REGULAR VERBS

Many English verbs are regular, which means that they form their different tenses according to an established pattern.

Past tense formation

Forming the past simple tense of regular verbs is mostly straightforward, and you use the same form for the first, second, and third persons, singular and plural: 

• If the basic form of the verb ends in a consonant or a vowel other than e, add the letters -ed to the end (e.g. seem/seemed, laugh/laughed, look/looked).
• For verbs that end in -e, add -d (e.g. love/loved, recede/receded, hope/hoped).
• If the verb ends in a consonant plus -y, change the y to an i before adding -ed (e.g. hurry/hurried, clarify/clarified). But if the verb ends in a vowel plus -y, just add -ed (e.g. play/played, enjoy/enjoyed).

IRREGULAR VERBS

There are many irregular verbs that don’t follow the normal rules. Here are the forms of some of the most common irregular verbs:

SOMES EXERCISES:

• https://elt.oup.com/student/project/level2/unit3/grammar/exercise4?cc=cz&selLanguage=bg
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/verbs.htm

Bibliographical source

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/regular-and-irregular-verbs